44Ru101.1Ruthenium
pgm · Z 44 · 101.1 u
Ruthenium (Ru)
Ruthenium is a Bushveld and Norilsk by-product. Electronics and catalysis take almost the entire mine.
No primary pit. Availability follows PGM smelter splits in South Africa and Russia.
Geo
Mine, process, refine.
| ISO | Country | Role | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA | South Africa | Mine | Bushveld UG2 / Merensky |
| RU | Russia | Mine | Norilsk — screen |
Forms
- Sponge
- Powder
- Salts
Uses
- Electronics
- Catalysis
- Hard disks